Importance of cleanliness and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) is a national campaign by the Government of India, covering 4041 statutory towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country.This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the road. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event. The mission was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and they took up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on (like the branching of a tree). It has been carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.The components of the programme are: a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for households below the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists. b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-cost sanitary latrines. c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities for hand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land or space within houses and where village panchayats are willing to maintain the facilities. d) Setting up of sanitary marts. e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid and liquid waste disposal. f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a felt need for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities
With effect from 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural Sanitation Programme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).To give a fillip to the Total Sanitation Campaign, effective June 2003 the government launched an incentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a clean environment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts called Nirmal Gram Puraskar.Effective 1 April 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA).On 2 October 2014 the campaign was re-launched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Objectives

This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. It is expected to cost over  62000 crore(US$9.7 billion).[3][6] Fund sharing between the Central Government and the State Government and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90% : 10% for North Eastern and special category states).[7] The campaign has been described as "beyond politics" and "inspired by patriotism".[8]Specific objectives are:•       Elimination of open defecation•       Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets•       Eradication of manual scavenging•       100% collection and scientific processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste•       A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices•       Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health•       Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems•       Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for sanitary facilities[7]NomineesModi selected 9 public figures to propagate this campaign.[9][10] They are:•       Anil Ambani•       Baba Ramdev•       Kamal Hassan•       Kapil Sharma•       Priyanka Chopra•       Sachin Tendulkar•       Rajdeep Bais•       Salman Khan•       Shashi Tharoor•       The team of the TV series Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah